November 12, 2009


Host: José Cárdenas

Cementario Lindo

  |   Video
  • Learn about the history of Cementerio Lindo, which dates back to the late 19th century. It is home to more than 5,000 graves providing a glimpse back to Phoenix's past.
Category: Culture

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José Cárdenas: It's a cemetery closed for years with a special place in Phoenix history for Latinos. The headstones give a glimpse into Phoenix's past. As Nadine Arroyo reports, the loved ones buried there have not been forgotten.

Nadine Arroyo: This piece of land is a piece of -- it's called Cementerio Lindo, or pretty cemetery. Nestled in a community at 15th Avenue and interstate 17 in south Phoenix. An estimated 7,000 people are buried here. Along them are --

Feliciano Herrera Odoñez: My mother gave birth to a set of twins. We are poor and living in poverty. During that time, the twins were born and very short-lived and so they were buried here in this cemetery. I was only 11 so I don't really recall where exactly they are, but I know it's in this cemetery.

Nadine Arroyo: Cementerio Lindo, it's believed to be the first cemetery of Maricopa County and served as a cemetery for poor immigrants. When the gates closed, those buried here were forgotten, until recently. A community based group dedicated to preserving old cemeteries throughout the city of Phoenix has urged the city to restore the land and begin identifying the people buried by notifying the valley about its effort. One of hundreds of people thus far who have come forward to talk about his connection to Cementerio Lindo and many like him are not sure where their loved ones are located because after years of the cemetery being closed, people have vandalized the area. Most of the headstones have been removed or sunk into the ground.

Frank Barrios: We don't know their names or where they're located. Some we do, but the majority we don't. We're trying to contact people who have somebody buried here and with funding from the city of Phoenix, we're going to put in a monument with the names of those buried here.

Nadine Arroyo: Norma and her brother decided to visit the cemetery out of curiosity.

Norma Moore: I remember when it was clean and kept up and just -- and when they first built the freeway here and we would pass with my family and my mother would make note so and so was buried here.

Nadine Arroyo: It's said that restoring the cemetery will cost $250,000 in bond money and members the pioneer cemetery group say their effort is not only to identify the people buried but to preserve a historical cemetery. For families means much more to these families. They say it's about preserving families.

Feliciano Herrera Odoñez: I would expect to find out anything related to my relatives, the two I have here. Absolutely.

Norma Moore: It just really talks to heritage. Family, you know? Because all of those that came before us and shaped us into who we are today. It talks of your heritage.

Get to Know

  |   Video
  • Get to know Tommy Nuñez, the first Hispanic official in any major league sport in the United States. Nuñez talks about his career in the NBA, growing up in Phoenix, and foundation he started to help young people.
Guests:
  • Tommy Nuñez - Tommy Nunez Foundation
Category: Culture

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José Cárdenas: Tommy Nuñez retired after 30 years with the National Basketball Association. He is the first and only Hispanic official in any major league sport in the United States. Tommy Nuñez is now giving back to the community with his foundation to help encourage young people to reach their goals. Joining me now on tonight's "Get To Know" segment is Tommy Nuñez. Tommy, welcome to "Horizonte." Thank you for having me. It's a honor.

José Cárdenas: Your son is the second official.

Tommy Nuñez: I was the first Mexican-American official in any sport in the history of the country. My son is the second one.

José Cárdenas: In the NBA.

Tommy Nuñez: In the NBA or any other major league sport.

José Cárdenas: Give us a little bit of your background. You're a Phoenix native. Came up the hard way.

Tommy Nuñez: I grew up on 9th Street in east Washington and lived in a housing project and was not an outstanding student in high school and got kicked out of a couple and joined the marine corps 10 days after I turned 17 and got my high school degree in the marine corps and that's my formal education.

José Cárdenas: There was a suggestion that you should join.

Tommy Nuñez: I didn't have much choice and I was gone, like a said, at an early age but probably the best thing that happened to me.

José Cárdenas: That turned your life around.

Tommy Nuñez: No doubt about it.

José Cárdenas: How did you get in the NBA?

Tommy Nuñez: I started working with my cousin who were high school officials and the reason they were high school officials because the commissioner of basketball was their football coach at Phoenix college and talked them into reffing to make extra money. And I got pretty good at it and I met a few people along the way and during the course of my high school days, I met some people, that eventually went to work for the Phoenix Suns when they became a franchise in 1968. Bob Mason, who I did high school basketball with became ticket manager and 1970 I did a rookie game for the Phoenix Suns with another referee they were going to recommend. I wasn't very good. He was worse. I met Daryl Garrison in 1971 and he encouraged me --

José Cárdenas: And he was the head of --

Tommy Nuñez: He was a referee, a fifth year and came and worked a rookie game in 1971 and he encouraged me along with others and I ended up getting invited to a camp in below, New York, in 1972 and signed my first contract in 1973. I never worked major college ball. I worked junior college ball.

José Cárdenas: '73 was when you -- and Garrison became --

Tommy Nuñez: He became my supervisor.

José Cárdenas: What was the first game like?

Tommy Nuñez: It was like a fog. I got three whistles in the first half and Bobbie missed two of them. And I worked with Jake O'Donnell that game and told them I was ready. Didn't really respond to anything. I've never seen such great basketball players in my life. I wasn't mentally prepared but I worked five preseason games in '72 and signed my first contract in 1973 and spent 30 years on the floor.

José Cárdenas: And then after you got off the floor, you were still involved.

Tommy Nuñez: I spent five years working with the young referees and observing games and grading and things like that and it was a good 35-year run with the NBA.

José Cárdenas: During that time you got to know and officiate games involving some of the greatest in the NBA.

Tommy Nuñez: I worked with the greatest players of all time. Larry Byrd and --

José Cárdenas: Here's Larry Byrd.

Tommy Nuñez: He's upset with me. He took a shot and got hit and I missed a call.

José Cárdenas: So you're not kissing there?

Tommy Nuñez: Not at all. Just exchanging pleasantries.

José Cárdenas: As I understand, this ticket has particular significance, the one with Larry Byrd to him.

Tommy Nuñez: He told me that's one of the pictures he ever put in thinks office. This is Charles Barkley, one of the all-time greats in rebounding. He always had comments to make but he was not hard to REF for.

José Cárdenas: Anything you found distracting?

Tommy Nuñez: Not at all. You reach a point where you hear what you want to hear and you go from there. And they don't get that personal. Or profane. Michael Jordan, probably the best one who ever played the game. Assists and rebounds, he's a legend. The best ever.

José Cárdenas: And you still think that?

Tommy Nuñez: Yeah.

José Cárdenas: And this guy, known for his antics on and off the floor.

Tommy Nuñez: A lot of was superficial. Part of his overall persona. He did a lot of crazy things. He was a great rebounder and never a problem for referees.

José Cárdenas: there were famous incidents, the one where he kicked a photographer.

Tommy Nuñez: I seen one of the clips and it was -- he almost got hurt tripping over this fellow and sometimes they get a little bit too close to the sideline and they get a lot of traffic in there and these players are so big and physical and sometimes out of control and they don't within the to get hurt. It's like infringing on their turf.

José Cárdenas: Two things I want to talk with you. The one who caused a stir about the allegations of gambling and about your foundation.

Tommy Nuñez: It's been overblown. He did not fix a game or do anything to cause the outcome of game. He was --

José Cárdenas: A lot of allegations, though.

Tommy Nuñez: A lot, but most of meaningless. He was guilty of betting on games with illegal book makers which is a federal offense and that's what he went to prison for. He fixed nothing.

José Cárdenas: But he's tarnished the image of the referee.

Tommy Nuñez: His life is going to change and I don't know the outcome down the road, but it's unfortunate.

José Cárdenas: Let's talk about your foundation. Doing a lot of great things.

Tommy Nuñez: We've had a foundation in place for 29 years, two golf tournaments and basketball tournaments and Hispanic hall of fame we started six years ago and focused on raising money for kids in the Latino community throughout the state of Arizona, plus other southwest states also. We give scholarships and trips and buy clothes and sports equipment and buy -- we buy shoes for entire basketball teams. Different high schools, our inner city schools and play games at inner city schools. And we're involved with all of the local high schools in all sports but it's mostly about academics. We give scholarships for college and we're not concerned about if they're a straight A or --

José Cárdenas: May be another Tommy Nuñez.

Tommy Nuñez: I hope they weren't like me. I wasn't a good student.

José Cárdenas: We're going to have end the interview.

Tommy Nuñez: I appreciate your time.

Zarco Guerrero

  |   Video
  • Master mask maker and multimedia artist Zarco Guerrero talks about his trip to China, where he performed and taught workshops.
Guests:
  • Zarco Guerrero - Master mask maker and multimedia artist
Category: The Arts

View Transcript
José Cárdenas: Zarco Guerrero is known throughout the country for his creativity in making sculptures and masks. He was invited to perform and conduct mask workshops in China over the summer. Joining me to talk about this experience is Zarco Guerrero. Zarco, there's a whole lot more you're known for and we do want to talk about your experiences in China. Before we get to that, last week marked what I think is the last of celebrations of day of the dead. One issue that seemed to be inject flood the last set of celebrations is whether the event is becoming too commercialized of a Cinco de Mayo by people who it's not part of their cultural tradition.

Zarco Guerrero: Culture is always changing and adopting from other cultures and the fact in a culture is an expression of our humanity and meant to be shared with others than ourselves and what I see happen is not so much the commercialization, I see a magnificent amount of energy going into the production of artwork for sharing and for selling. You have a lot of artists coming out from our communities and all different aspects of our communities that are expressing the theme about day of the dead and in the form of arts and crafts and that people are interested if seeing and want to buy it and the artists are delighted to be making it. I see it as becoming more and more popular, not just among the Chicanos, but the everybody. It's our gift to the community. What kind of commercialization, if any, do you think would be inappropriate? For years, we've shied away from being sponsored by beer companies and radio stations. We don't want that kind of sponsorship because then they start to dictate how the events are run the we prefer to work with community groups in order 0 keep it close to the people and about the people and for the people.

José Cárdenas: The last time you were on the show, you told us you were going to go to China. Now you're back. Tell us how it came about and where you went.

Zarco Guerrero: I went to a place in southwest China. Very close to Tibet and Burma. It's an agricultural region of China. And there's literally no industry whatsoever in this particular area. It's all agriculture. And the city is the most beautifully preserved ancient city in all of China.

José Cárdenas: So it really is a site to behold. It's an UNESCO heritage site. There's no auto traffic allowed in the city and there's other things they do to preserve the historical qualities of the city.

Zarco Guerrero: Exactly. For me, it was like going back in time and I've made 12 trips to Asia throughout the years. I've been to Thailand and never had I expected to find a place to beautiful in China. It was very much like Japan.

José Cárdenas: And physically, where is it located?

Zarco Guerrero: It’s located in southwestern China. Near Burma. You can see the Himalayas and you can see Tibet. And it's like Tibetan culture.

José Cárdenas: And it's an ethnic group.

Zarco Guerrero: The people there, they look like indigenous people of Mexico and have their own culture and language and own form of writing and very vibrant ancient culture, still very much alive in modern China.

José Cárdenas: Tell us about the program you participated in.

Zarco Guerrero: I was invited by an international friendship exchange and it's a summer program that invites artists, English-speaking from the U.S. and Europe and Canada to teach various art forms.

José Cárdenas: We have pictures on the screen. These are your students?

Zarco Guerrero: Uh-huh. And they learn music and dance and guitar and study English and Chinese history as well and come interest all over China and scholarships are given to the local children who couldn't afford to attend.

José Cárdenas: Some pay a considerable sum to be there.

Zarco Guerrero: Some are very highly educated and I was extremely impressed with their facility to speak English and some were studying French around German as third languages and they're very gifted.

José Cárdenas: You mentioned that in many respects they resemble Mexicans in physical appearance. You mentioned before we got on the set, they looked at you and some of the people you brought, and thought, you aren't Americans.

Zarco Guerrero: They looked at me and two of the other teachers who are Mexican-Americans and they said I thought our teachers were going to be Americans. So we had to describe ourselves as ethnic Americans. That's a term they understand because they have their own ethnic groups in China.

José Cárdenas: Of which they are one.

Zarco Guerrero: There was no problem with that at all.

José Cárdenas: Let's talk about what you thought them. It was guitar and mask making. Tell us about the mask making class.

Zarco Guerrero: I did my own style of mask making I use with kids in the U.S. It was an opportunity for them to get involved in a creative process, to collaborate with each other in making a mask, to make something that was three-dimensional that they could paint and the best part, was when they wore their mask and incorporate it had into their dance.

José Cárdenas: We showed on the screen, a picture. Is it a typical street scene there?

Zarco Guerrero: Yeah, and there's one of your typical natives with a hat they make out of a fox and these very small like midget horses that are from that area. And you see the people dress this way, performing their music and dance. I heard some of the most magnificent singing in lie life coming from the people there.

José Cárdenas: We were talking about China's mask making tradition and you explained that they had been suppressed by the Communists and centuries, the famous Japanese masks, and you studied there, and were an outgrowth of that Chinese tradition. When you were there, how did the students relate to the concept of mask making?

Zarco Guerrero: It was something new for them. Even though China has a great mask making tradition, it's not something they've been exposed to. You know, in Chinese culture or media. So it was totally new for them. It's funny to have someone like myself coming from so far away introducing them to an art form that was such a great extent cultural and in form of sophistication, hundreds if not thousands of years ago.

José Cárdenas: Part of their culture.

Zarco Guerrero: I feel an obligation to give back what I've learned from Asia and particularly the Chinese.

José Cárdenas: The last time you were in China was before Tiananmen square.

Zarco Guerrero: Uh-huh.

José Cárdenas: Observations about the differences?

Zarco Guerrero: There's a whole different world. When I was there, before Tiananmen square, everyone was dressed in blue, wearing a mouse suit and everyone was on bicycles and there were hardly any motor vehicles at all and now everyone was very dressed in western clothing and you know, even though we were closed off, it's closed off to automobile traffic around the city, almost everybody has a vehicle. And becoming very, very western in many respects, but then you have the artists, not only are they -- you know, resurrecting the ancient art forms but also incorporating different aspects of western art as culture so it's a world that's changing dramatically from day to day.

José Cárdenas: I understand that it's a tourist center but not necessarily for foreigners. It's actually for the Chinese themselves.

Zarco Guerrero: They don't bother to cater to the foreign tourists because they have so many tourists from China who go there and now it's becoming the number one tourist destination in China because they have a new airport. So now you have people come interesting all over China to escape the pollution, the -- you know, the -- just the stress of living in big industrialized cities to come to this place at the hill -- the Foothills of the Himalayas where the air is, you know, so wonderful and clean and sweet. And there's no industry, no traffic. And people are speaking another language within China. So that, for them, is a big thrill.

José Cárdenas: Tell us about the food. I know that was something that was of particular significance to you on this trip.

Zarco Guerrero: The biggest impression was the food. First, everything we ate was picked that morning at 5:00 in the morning and people were always referring to the health benefits of the food we ate. Most of what we ate, of course, was rice, but was a lot of mushrooms, a lot of chili and a lot of tofu, and my favorite was Yak yogurt. Every food had some benefit for you, as opposed to when we eat here, we're talking about I'm going to get my fit of cholesterol or this is my day's supply of calories. There was a whole different attitude about food and health and I enjoyed that and the food Iowa superb and excellent and I miss it profoundly.

José Cárdenas: A couple of other things you remarked. One is the perception of American universities in our education system among the Chinese.

Zarco Guerrero: All the kid where's there to learn English and we had a whole staff of university students as assistants and they spoke perfect English and they had aspiration to study in the United States because they feel that the United States still have the best educational system in the world. This is where they want to come to receive a higher education. I was impressed by that. We're still number one in the world and I agree we have to continue that whole emphasis on higher education, not only in the U.S., but throughout the world.

José Cárdenas: I understand that Obama mania has reached the city you were at.

Zarco Guerrero: Every time people found out we were Americans, they would say, "Obama, Obama." And artists were printing T-shirt was Obama's images, like we have pictures of say Jimi Hendrix, they had pictures -- T-shirt was Obama as well.

José Cárdenas: We look forward to your next trip and talking about it.

Zarco Guerrero: Thanks so much.