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October 10, 2002

Host: Michael Grant
Topics:
Election 2002 Candidates Forum: State Treasurer
In-Studio Guests:
Republican David Petersen;
Democrat Ruth Solomon

>> MICHAEL: IT'S AN OFFICE RESPONSIBLE FOR MANAGING ARIZONA'S MONEY. TONIGHT, A FORUM FEATURING THE TWO CANDIDATES RUNNING FOR STATE TREASURER. AND MEDICAL TREATMENT HAS COME A LONG WAY SINCE THE FRONTIER DAYS IN ARIZONA. WE'LL TAKE YOU BACK TO ARIZONA TERRITORIAL DAYS TO SHOW HOW AILMENTS WERE TREATED BACK THEN. GOOD EVENING, I'M MICHAEL GRANT. IT'S A BIG JOB MANAGING THE STATE'S MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR BUDGET. AND IT'S A JOB BEING SOUGHT BY TWO STATE SENATORS, REPUBLICAN DAVID PETERSEN AND DEMOCRAT RUTH SOLOMON. SOLOMON HAS HAD CONTROL OF THE STATE'S PURSE STRINGS THE PAST TWO YEARS AS SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE CHAIR, WHILE PETERSEN BOASTS MORE THAN TWO DECADES OF EXPERIENCE AS A SECURITIES DEALER. WE WILL HEAR FROM BOTH CANDIDATES DIRECTLY, BUT FIRST, HERE'S MORE INFORMATION ABOUT EACH.

>> Mike Sauceda: RUTH SOLOMON HAS BEEN A STATE LAWMAKER FOR 14 YEARS. THE 61 YEAR OLD TUCSON RESIDENT HAS SERVED AS CHAIR OF THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE. SHE IS ALSO CHAIR OF THE JOINT LEGISLATIVE BUDGET COMMITTEE, HAS LIVED IN ARIZONA FOR 42 YEARS AND IS A RETIRED TEACHER. SHE IS MARRIED, HAS A SON AND TWO GRANDCHILDREN. DAVID PETERSEN HAS BEEN IN THE ARIZONA LEGISLATURE FOR EIGHT YEARS. HE HAS SERVED AS THE REPUBLICAN WHIP AND CHAIR OF THE FAMILY SERVICES COMMITTEE. HE HAS SERVED ON THE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE. HE HAS HELD A SECURITIES LICENSE FOR 21 YEARS. PETERSEN IS MARRIED, SEVEN CHILDREN AND IS A FOURTH GENERATION ARIZONAN.

>> MICHAEL: HERE NOW TO TELL US MORE ABOUT WHY THEY SHOULD BE THE STATE'S NEXT TREASURER ARE STATE SENATORS DAVID PETERSEN AND RUTH SOLOMON. WE DON'T WANT TO SHORT YOUR KIDS. WERE WE OFF ON THE NUMBER?

>> JUST ONE. WHICH ONE DO I TAKE OFF?

>> MICHAEL: SENATOR PETERSEN, WHY SHOULD ARIZONANS VOTE FOR YOU FOR STATE TREASURER?

>> David Peterson: WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT EXPERIENCE THAT'S IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT INVESTING PEOPLE'S MONEY. THE STATE TREASURER BECOMES A BANKER, RECEIVES THE MONEY, ACCOUNT FOR IT AND INVEST IT, SOMETIMES FOR A VERY SHORT PERIOD OF TIME. MY FINANCIAL BACKGROUND FOR 21 YEARS WITH A SECURITIES LICENSE, I HAVE GOTTEN ENDORSEMENTS FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN IN THE ECONOMIC WORLD, THOSE ARE THE PEOPLE I BROUGHT ON TO TALK ABOUT WHAT WE CAN BETTER DO TO SAFEGUARD ARIZONAN'S MONEY.

>> MICHAEL: WHY SHOULD PEOPLE VOTE FOR YOU, SENATOR SOLOMON.

>> Ruth Solomon: AS IMPORTANT I THINK EXPERIENCE IS, AND I DO HAVE A GREAT DEAL OF LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE, THE TREASURER'S OFFICE DOES MORE THAN JUST INVEST MONEY, IT MANAGES ASSETS, IT MANAGES CASH AND THE TREASURER NEEDS TO HAVE A VISION, TO LOOK BEYOND JUST DAY-TO-DAY INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT, IT NEEDS TO LOOK -- SHE NEEDS TO LOOK TO THE FUTURE OF ARIZONA, AND I THINK I HAVE THE VISION TO DO THAT.

>> MICHAEL: OKAY.

>> BY THE WAY, MICHAEL, YOU NEGLECTED TO SAY THAT MY TWO GRANDCHILDREN ARE INCREDIBLY HANDSOME AND BRIGHT.

>> MICHAEL: WE GOT THE NUMBER RIGHT.

>> David Peterson: I HAVE ONE GRANDCHILD.

>> MICHAEL: ONE OF THE THINGS, HOWEVER, THAT THE STATE TREASURER DOES AND IT CERTAINLY IS AN IMPORTANT FUNCTION IS INVEST MONIES, AS THEY COME IN. I THINK THERE'S SOME DEBATE BETWEEN THE TWO OF YOU AS TO HOW BEST TO DO THAT, WHETHER TO INTERNALIZE THAT FUNCTION OR TO GO OUTSIDE FOR SOME FUND MANAGE MANY EXPERTISE.

>> Ruth Solomon: I'LL ANSWER IF YOU GIVE ME AN OPPORTUNITY TO TELL YOU WHY.

>> MICHAEL: SURE.

>> Ruth Solomon: I THINK WE HAVE DONE A FINE JOB INTERNALLY. IT'S COST EFFECTIVE FOR US TO INVEST INTERNALLY, AND I WOULD LIKE ANYBODY TO SHOW ME RESULTS FROM ANY OUTSIDE FUND MANAGEMENT AGENCY OR SOURCE THAT HASN'T OVER THE LAST TWO OR THREE YEARS SEEN A LOSS IN SOME VALUE OF THEIR PORTFOLIOS. OUTSIDE FUND MANAGERS HAVE BEEN SELLING OFF. THEREFORE, THEY HAVE HAD TO COLLATERALIZE THEIR LOSSES. WE HAVE NOT SOLD OFF. IT COSTS ABOUT 19 CENTS PER THOUSAND TO INVEST INTERNALLY. SO YOU'RE SHIPPING THE MONEY OUT TO SOME OUTSIDE INVESTMENT FIRM WHO HISTORICALLY HAS NOT DONE ANY BETTER. I HAVEN'T SEEN ANY DATA. IF MR. PETERSEN HAS DATA, THAT'S FINE.

>> MICHAEL: SO YOU THINK THAT IT SHOULD BE KEPT AS AN INTERNAL --

>> Ruth Solomon: I THINK FOR -- YES. I DO. THERE ARE SOME OTHER THINGS THAT I WOULD LIKE TO TALK ABOUT. >> MICHAEL: DAVID, WHAT ABOUT YOU? I THINK YOU FEEL IT'S TIME TO GO OUTSIDE FOR INVESTMENT COUNSELING SERVICES?

>> David Peterson: FIRST OF ALL, I THINK WE HAVE TO LOOK TO PROFESSIONALS. THAT DOESN'T NECESSARILY MEAN WE HAVE TO HIRE AN OUTSIDE PERSON, WE MAY WANT TO LOOK TO SOMEONE INSIDE. REMEMBER THE TOTAL AMOUNT THE TREASURER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR, $9.5 MILLION-PLUS. ONLY 600 MILLION CAN BE INVESTED IN EQUITIES. I THINK THE TREASURER'S OFFICE HAS DONE A GOOD JOB IN MANAGING THAT PART OF IT. IF YOU LOOK AT THE BACKGROUND OF THOSE IN THE OFFICE RIGHT NOW, THEY HAVEN'T HAD MUCH EXPERIENCE IN INVESTING IN EQUITIES. THEY HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO SINCE 1999. RUTH HAS FLIP-FLOPPED ON THIS, WHEN SHE ANNOUNCED TO RUN SHE SAID IN HER QUOTE OF ANNOUNCEMENT THAT SHE SAID WE JUST HAVE TO AVOID THE QUESTIONABLE INVESTMENT DECISIONS THAT HAS LOST THE STATE 50 MILLION IN THE PAST 18 MONTHS. OF COURSE, IT'S NOW OVER 150 MILLION. I THINK, PEOPLE HAVE A RIGHT TO CHANGE THEIR MIND, I DON'T FAULT HER, SHE HAS CHANGED HER POSITION ON THAT.

>> Ruth Solomon: LET ME SPEAK TO THAT. WHEN I MADE THAT STATEMENT IT WAS BEFORE I HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO SIT DOWN WITH THE PROFESSIONALS IN THE TREASURER'S OFFICE, REVIEW THE DATA SO THAT I UNDERSTOOD THAT DATA, AND I UNDERSTAND NOW THAT WHAT WE HAVE DONE IS LOST VALUE, WE HAVE NOT LOST MONEY. I DIDN'T UNDERSTAND AT THE TIME AND I DO NOW WHAT IT WOULD HAVE MEANT TO US IF WE HAD TO COLLATERALIZE THOSE LOSSES. IT WOULD HAVE COST THE TAXPAYERS OF THIS STATE MONEY TO DO THAT. IT WAS NOT A GOOD POSITION THEN, I HAVE CHANGED MY POSITION, I THINK THOSE PEOPLE HAVE DONE A FINE JOB. THERE ARE OTHER INVESTMENTS THAT I HOPE WE GET TO THAT ARE NOT EQUITY INVESTMENTS.

>> MICHAEL: TELL US ABOUT THAT.

>> Ruth Solomon: FOR EXAMPLE, CURRENTLY WE ISSUE A LOT OF DEBT IN THE STATE OF ARIZONA, JUST ABOUT EVERY STATE AGENCY ISSUES DEBT, LOCAL JURISDICTION.

>> MICHAEL: LONG TERM.

>> Ruth Solomon: BONDS, CERTIFICATES OF PARTICIPATION. SCHOOL DISTRICTS ISSUE DEBT, COUNTIES ISSUE DEBT, CITIES. RIGHT NOW, THE ONLY THING THAT ANYONE HAS TO DO WITH REGARD TO THAT ISSUE -- I CAN'T GET THAT OUT -- ISSUANCE OF DEBT, REGARDLESS OF THE TYPE OF DEBT, IS TO REPORT IT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE. WHERE THAT INFORMATION IS SIMPLY COLLECTED AND SUMMARIZED. NOTHING IS DONE WITH THAT DATA. I THINK THAT THE STATE TREASURER IS OBLIGATED AND FRANKLY IT'S INCUMBENT ON THE TREASURER, TO PULL TOGETHER A DEBT MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE, NOT TO TELL WHETHER OR NOT DEBT IS GOOD OR BAD, THERE IS SOME GOOD DEBT AND BAD DEBT, BUT TO TAKE THAT INFORMATION, AGGREGATE IT SO PARTICULARLY LOCAL JURISDICTIONS THROUGH THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POOL CAN BENEFIT FROM THAT.

>> David Peterson: MY REPUBLICAN COLLEAGUE WHO I WORKED WITH IN THE PRIMARY BROUGHT THIS UP AND I SUPPORT THAT. WE WILL HAVE TO GET SOME LEGISLATIVE CHANGES TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN. RICHARD SAID WE WOULD NEED TO BE ON CERTAIN COMMITTEES SO HE COULD HAVE A VOICE. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT THE DEPUTY TREASURER WHO HAS SOME EXPERIENCE IN MANAGING THESE TYPE OF DEBT EQUITIES, AND I CERTAINLY SUPPORT THAT. ANYTHING WE CAN DO TO REDUCE THE TAX BURDEN BY REDUCING COST OF DEBT, THAT'S GREAT.

>> MICHAEL.

>> MICHAEL: LET'S MOVE TO ANOTHER SUBJECT. IT'S SOMEWHAT RELATED. SEVERAL STATES USE THEIR FUND INVESTMENTS TO PROMOTE LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. THEY'LL GIVE A PREFERENCE TO MAYBE A VENTURE CAPITAL TYPE OPERATION, THOSE KINDS OF THINGS. SHOULD ARIZONA DO THAT?

>> David Peterson: FIRST OF ALL, TONY WEST WHO WAS THE TREASURER AT THAT TIME BROUGHT THAT IDEA TO THE LEGISLATURE TO REJECT IT. MOST STATES DOING THIS ARE DOING IT WITH THE PENSION FUND. THE TREASURER'S OFFICE HAS NO AUTHORITY OR RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PENSION FUND. THAT'S A TOTALLY DIFFERENT GROUP --

>> MICHAEL: UNDERSTOOD.

>>David Peterson: AND HAS A DIFFERENT FUND MANAGER. THE TREASURER HAS A CONSTITUTIONAL DUTY TO SAFEGUARD THE TAX PAYERS' MONEY. THAT LEAVES $600 MILLION WHICH WE HAVE LOST ABOUT 150 MILLION OF THAT. I DON'T KNOW HOW MUCH MORE MONEY AND HOW MUCH MORE RISK WE WANT TO TAKE ON.

>> MICHAEL: SHOULD WE TRY TO HELP OUT THE LOCAL ECONOMY WITH SOME PORTION OF THAT?

>> Ruth Solomon:LET ME TELL YOU SOMETHING ELSE, I KNOW DAVID KEEPS TALKING ABOUT LOSING $150 MILLION. WE LOST VALUE, WE DID NOT LOSE MONEY. ANYBODY THAT UNDERSTANDS INVESTMENT PRINCIPLES UNDERSTANDS THAT. IT MEANS A LOSS OF VALUE. WITH REGARD TO BEING ABLE TO HELP LOCAL ECONOMIES AND BUILD ARIZONA AND OFFER GROWTH FOR ARIZONA BUSINESSES, I'M OFFERING LINKED INVESTMENT FOR ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES. YOU DO THIS THROUGH YOUR LONG-TERM FIXED INCOME -- I'M SORRY, YOUR LONG TERM FIXED INVESTMENT, THROUGH CD'S FOR EXAMPLE. LET ME EXPLAIN HOW THIS WORKS. A BANK. YOU GO TO THE BANK FOR A LOAN. THE BANK DOES THE RESEARCH. AGREES TO THE LOAN, COLLATERALIZES YOUR LOAN. IF THE BANK AGREES TO CERTAIN PRINCIPLES, YOU ENCOURAGE DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL ARIZONA. TWO, THAT YOU EMPLOY SO MANY PEOPLE. THREE, THAT THERE HAS TO BE A BUSINESS PLAN IN PLACE. AFTER A YEAR OR TWO, AND THIS IS A COLLATERALIZED, APPROVED LOAN BY A BANK, THE STATE CAN LINK THEIR DEPOSITS TO A BANK, WHICH FREES CAPITAL FOR THAT BANK TO GO OUT AND MAKE OTHER LOANS. THERE ARE 18 STATES DOING THAT. NOT ONLY IS THERE NO RISK TO THAT, THERE IS A DOUBLE BOTTOM LINE FOR THE STATE.

>> MICHAEL: ALMOST OUT OF TIME, DOES THAT REMOVE SOME OF THE RISK ELEMENT?

>> David Peterson: WE ARE IN SOME TOUGH TIMES. WE NEED TO DO WHAT THE CONSTITUTION REQUIRES IN THE STATE TREASURER'S OFFICE. I HAVE BEEN ENDORSED BY THE NEXT PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND NEXT SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE. ALL THOSE THINGS ARE GOING TO REQUIRE LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL. IF ANYBODY IS GOING TO GET A PLAN THROUGH, LIKE SHE DESCRIBED, I HAVE A BETTER CHANCE BECAUSE I HAVE THEIR SUPPORT.

>> MICHAEL: SENATOR DAVID PETERSEN, I AM VERY SORRY. WE ARE OUT OF TIME.

>> Ruth Solomon:I CAN'T RESPOND?

>> MICHAEL: SENATOR RUTH SOLOMON, I'M SORRY YOU CAN'T.

>> OH, MICHAEL, YOU HAVE TO BRING US BACK.

>> MICHAEL: YOU HELD UP YOUR END OF THE BARGAIN VERY WELL. GOOD LUCK.

>> MICHAEL: THIS SUNDAY, CHANNEL 8 VIEWERS WILL BE TREATED TO A LOOK AT HOW FAMILIES STRUGGLED IN THE OLD WEST. FRONTIER HOUSE FEATURES THREE MODERN FAMILIES MAKING A TREK WEST TO HOMESTEAD LAND. ONE ASPECT OF FRONTIER LIFE THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM TODAY IS MEDICAL CARE, ESPECIALLY IN TERRITORIAL ARIZONA. PAUL ATKINSON AND PHOTOJOURNALIST RICHARD TORRUELLAS INTRODUCE US TO WHAT MEDICAL CARE WAS LIKE IN THE FRONTIER DAYS OF ARIZONA.

>> Paul Atkinson: INSPECTS VARIOUS MEDICAL ANTIQUES FROM THE 19TH CENTURY. THEY ARE PART OF THE DOCTOR'S OFFICE IN THE FORMER HOME OF PHOENIX PHYSICIAN ROLAND ROSSEN. THE HOUSE IN DOWNTOWN PHOENIX DEPICTS WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE IN TERRITORIAL ARIZONA. ROSSEN CAME TO THE TERRITORY AS AN ARMY SURGEON IN THE 1870'S.

>> Robert Karvetz: THE MILITARY SURGEON TOOK CARE NOT ONLY OF THE MILITARY AND THE SETTLERS AND HOMESTEADERS.

>> Paul Atkinson: WHEN IT COMES TO TERRITORIAL MEDICINE, ROBERT KRAVETZ WROTE THE BOOK LITERALLY.

>> Robert Karvetz:PEOPLE DIDN'T LIVE AS LONG THEN AS THEY DO NOW. THEY HAD PROBLEMS RELATED TO ACCIDENTS, INJURIES, FRACTURES, GUNSHOT WOUNDS, ARROW WOUNDS AND THERE WERE A LOT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, SMALLPOX, WHOOPING COUGH, DIPHTHERIA. THE BIG ONE WAS TUBERCULOSIS.

>> Paul Atkinson: THE INTERNAL MEDICINE DOCTOR BEGAN COLLECTING MEDICAL ANTIQUES 30 YEARS AGO. HE HAS SO MANY, THEY FILL COUNTLESS DISPLAYS AT PHOENIX BAPTIST HOSPITAL. HE HAS HUNDREDS OF ARTIFACTS ON LOAN TO MUSEUMS THROUGHOUT THE STATE

>> Robert Kravetz: I started with one medicine bottle and gradually it grew over the years and I HAVE A VERY LARGE COLLECTION OF ALL TYPES OF MEDICINES AND MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS THAT WERE USED IN THE PAST 150 YEARS.

>>Paul Atkinson: NAME AN ILLNESS AND THE DOCTOR HAS AN 18TH CENTURY REMEDY USED TO TREAT IT.

>> Robert Kravitz: WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IS THE PATIENT WHO WAS SICK WITH TUBERCULOSIS WOULD CARRY THIS AND WHENEVER THEY HAD TO SPIT THEY WOULD DO IT INTO THERE, CLOSE IT. AT THE END OF THE DAY, THEY WOULD TAKE THE CUP OUT AND PUT IT IN THE FIRE, BURN IT, PUT A NEW ONE IN. THAT WOULD PREVENT GERMS OF TUBERCULOSIS FROM BEING SPREAD TO OTHER PEOPLE.

>> Paul Atkinson: DURING TERRITORIAL TIMES ARIZONA BECAME A REFUGE FOR PEOPLE WITH TUBERCULOSIS. MANY LIVED IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF PHOENIX IN TENT CITIES.

>> Robert Kravetz: THEY CAME OUT TO THE SUNSHINE, AT THAT TIME IT WAS SUPPOSED TO CURE THE TUBERCULOSIS. IN THE LATE 1800'S THE LARGE INFLUX OF PEOPLE IN THE STATE WAS FOR HEALTH REASONS.

>> Paul Atkinson: TUBERCULOSIS MAY HAVE BEEN A MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM AT THE TIME BUT IT WAS MORE COMMON AILMENTS PEOPLE SOUGHT RELIEF FROM. THIS DEVICE WAS USED TO TREAT HEMORRHOIDS.

>> Robert Kravetz:WHAT THEY WOULD DO IS, THE DOCTOR WOULD CLAMP THE HEMORRHOID LIKE THAT, AND THEN HE WOULD APPLY A CAUTERY, AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT, AND BURN OFF THE HEMORRHOIDS.

>> Paul Atkinson: IF THAT WASN'T BAD ENOUGH, HOW ABOUT THIS DEVICE?

>> Robert Kravitz: THIS IS A SYRINGE MADE OF PEWTER, PROBABLY FROM ABOUT 1860 THAT WAS USED FOR ENEMAS. FILLED UP WITH LIQUID, INSERTED INTO THE RECTUM AND SLOWLY INJECTED. THEY WERE USED FOR EVERY CONCEIVABLE THING, USED AND I SHOULD SAY ABUSED.

>> Paul Atkinson: ABUSE IS AN UNDERSTATEMENT WHEN IT COMES TO SOME OF THE REMEDIES PEOPLE TRIED IN TERRITORIAL TIMES.

>> Robert Kravetz: EVERYTHING WAS TRIED IN TERMS OF THE HERBS, THE VIBRATIONS, MAGNETS, ELECTRICITY, PALPATE THE HEAD. PEOPLE WERE LOOKING FOR ANSWERS BECAUSE THEY WERE GET FRUSTRATED BECAUSE DOCTORS COULDN'T OFFER THEM ANY ANSWERS OR MAKE THEM FEEL BETTER.

>> Paul Atkinson: ONE SOLUTION FOR A VARIETY OF ILLS WAS BLEEDING, USING THIS APPROPRIATELY NAMED DEVICE, A SCARIFIER.

>> THIS IS A BRASS SCARIFIER USED FOR PATIENTS WHEN THEY WERE BLED. BLEEDING WAS USED TO CURE EVERYTHING. IT HAS A LITTLE HANDLE. THE BLADE WOULD COME OUT, YOU PRESS A BUTTON AND THERE WOULD BE 12 INCISIONS IN THE SKIN AND THE PATIENT WOULD START TO BLEED. THAT WAS SUPPOSED TO MAKE THEM FEEL BETTER.

>> Paul Atkinson: PATENT MEDICINES WERE USED AT THE TIME. THE PATENT REFERRED TO THE PRODUCT NAME, NOT ITS INGREDIENTS. THEY PROMISED TO CURE JUST ABOUT EVERYTHING.

>> TAKE THIS LUNG SALVE, FOR EXAMPLE. THIS CURES PNEUMONIA, DOG BITE, HEMORRHOIDS, ANY AILMENT THAT YOU COULD CURE WITH THIS NICE CAN OF LUNG SALVE FOR ONE DOLLAR.

>>Paul Atkinson: WHILE MOST PATENT MEDICINES WERE WORTHLESS, THEY COULD HAVE A PLACEBO EFFECT. Then there were ones with some special indgredients.

>> Robert Kravetz: THIS ONE IS CALLED TONIC BITTERS AND IT CURED JUST ABOUT EVERYTHING. THE MAIN REASON THAT PATIENTS LIKED THEM IS THEY CONTAIN TWO THINGS, OPIUM AND ALCOHOL. IF YOU GET A DOUBLE WHAMMY LIKE THAT, WHY DOESN'T YOU FEEL BETTER?

>>Paul Atkinson: ANOTHER POPULAR REMEDY, HERBS.

>> 50 OR 75 OF THESE WOULD BE LINED IN THE STORE. THERE WAS A CAN THAT CONTAINED LEAVES OF A PLANT. THIS HAPPENS TO BE DANDELION ROOTS. HERBS ARE STILL USED TODAY, SOME ARE USEFUL, SOME ARE NOT.

>>Paul Atkinson: MEDICINES AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY DIDN'T ADVANCE MUCH DURING TERRITORIAL TIMES, BUT THERE WERE SOME NOTABLE INNOVATIONS. AN ARMY DOCTOR INVENTED THIS ARROW EXTRACTOR.

>> Robert Kravetz: THE ARROW WOULD GO INTO AN INDIVIDUAL AND THE TENDENCY WAS TO PULL OUT THE SHAFT, AND IT WOULD BREAK OFF AND THE ARROWHEAD WOULD REMAIN INSIDE. IN ORDER TO REMOVE THAT, A MILITARY LIEUTENANT DEVISED THE ARROW EXTRACTOR. THERE WOULD BE AN INCISION, AND THIS WOULD BE PUT IN, AND HE WOULD PULL OUT THE ARROWHEAD.

>> Paul Atkinson: THIS STRANGE LOOKING DEVICE IS AN X-RAY TUBE WHICH REVOLUTIONIZED MEDICINE. THE TURN OF THE CENTURY INVENTION ALLOWED DOCTORS TO MORE THOROUGHLY DIAGNOSE ILLNESS. THE X-RAY ALSO HAD ITS DOWN SIDE.

>> DOCTORS OR PEOPLE WHO USED THE X-RAY DID NOT REALIZE IT COULD CAUSE LEUKEMIA AND RADIATION SICKNESS SO THEY DIDN'T PROTECT THEMSELVES. IN THE EARLY DAYS OF X-RAYS, PEOPLE EXPOSED TO IT, MAINLY PHYSICIANS WHO USED IT REPEATEDLY, MIGHT DEVELOP SOME FATAL DISEASE LIKE LEUKEMIA OR OTHER TYPES OF CANCERS.

>> Paul Atkinson: DOCTOR KRAVETZ WOULDN'T WANT TO TRADE PLACES WITH DOCTORS FROM THE TERRITORIAL DAYS, BUT HE THINKS MODERN PHYSICIANS CAN LEARN A LOT FROM HOW MEDICINE WAS PRACTICED BACK THEN.

>>Robert Kravetz: MEDICINE HAS TWO ASPECTS, THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE WHICH IS THE KNOWLEDGE AND SO FORTH, BUT THERE IS SOMETHING WHICH I TEACH MY YOUNG RESIDENTS AND THAT'S CALLED THE ART OF MEDICINE, HOW TO DEAL WITH PEOPLE AS PEOPLE. HOW TO CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS, HOW TO ADDRESS THEIR NEEDS, THEIR CONCERNS, THEY'RE FEARS. IN THE OLD DAYS, PEOPLE LIKE DR. ROSSEN COULD DO THAT, THEY HAD THE BEDSIDE MANNER. THAT IS SADLY LACKING TODAY, UNFORTUNATELY.

>>Paul Atkinson: NOT LONG AFTER DR. ROSSEN HAD HIS HOUSE BUILT, HE DIED SUDDENLY IN 1898 OF WHAT AN AUTOPSY REVEALED AS GASTROENTERITIS OR STOMACH FLU, SOMETHING EASILY TREATED BY ANTIBIOTICS TODAY. BUT THE FIRST ANTIBIOTIC, PENICILLIN, WOULDN'T BE DISCOVERED UNTIL 30 YEARS AFTER DR. ROSSEN PASSED AWAY.

>> MICHAEL: IF YOU'D LIKE TO SEE THE STRUGGLES OF MODERN FAMILIES LIVING IN FRONTIER TIMES, "FRONTIER HOUSE" AIRS THIS SUNDAY AT 6:00 P.M. AND 10:00 P.M. HERE ON CHANNEL 8, WITH THE FIRST INSTALLMENT CALLED "THE AMERICAN DREAM."

>>> CONFUSED ABOUT THE BALLOT PROPOSITIONS? WE CAN HELP YOU SORT THEM ALL OUT, ON THE CHANNEL 8 WEBSITE. JUST GO TO WWW.KAET.ASU.EDU. HERE'S MORE ON SOME OF THE FEATURES YOU CAN FIND ON OUR SITE. ONE OF THE MOST USEFUL FEATURES YOU'LL FIND ON THE WEBSITE IS FULL INFORMATION ABOUT EVERY PROPOSITION ON THE STATE BALLOT. HERE IS AN EXAMPLE HOW THE WEBSITE CAN HELP YOU DETERMINE THE VOTE ON A BALLOT PROPOSITION. GO TO THE SITE AT WWW.KAET.ASU.EDU. WHEN YOU GET THERE, CLICK ON THE ELECTION 2002 EMBLEM. THEN CLICK ON "ARIZONA BALLOT PROPOSITION". LET'S SAY YOU WANTED TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT PROPOSITION 203. CLICK ON THAT BOX. IT WILL TAKE YOU TO A SUMMARY, FISCAL ANALYSIS AND LINKS TO PRO AND CON WEBSITES, AS WELL AS OTHER INFORMATION. THERE'S A LOT MORE TO OUR SITE. AMONG THE OTHER FEATURES YOU'LL FIND, "MY BALLOT", A CHECKLIST OF THE PROPOSITIONS YOU CAN PRINT OUT AND TAKE TO THE VOTING BOOTH. A LINKS AND RESOURCES PAGE THAT INCLUDES SITES WHERE YOU CAN REGISTER TO VOTE. FIND OUT WHICH DISTRICT YOU LIVE IN REQUEST AN EARLY BALLOT AND FIND THE LOCATION OF YOUR POLLING SITE. YOU CAN VIEW TRANSCRIPTS OF ALL THE SHOWS WE DO ON BALLOT PROPOSITIONS AND REQUEST AN E-MAIL REMINDER ON UPCOMING SHOWS. YOU CAN VIEW CHANNEL 8 A.S.U. POLLS ON CANDIDATES AND BALLOT MEASURES.

>>> TOMORROW ON "HORIZON," THE FRIDAY JOURNALISTS ROUNDTABLE. REPORTERS WILL GATHER TO DISCUSS A GOVERNOR'S RACE WHICH IS GETTING NASTIER BY THE DAY. AMONG THE CONTROVERSIES, DEMOCRAT JANET NAPOLITANO ADMITS MARIJUANA USE DURING HER YOUTH, AND INDEPENDENT DICK MAHONEY STRIKES OUT AT BOTH NAPOLITANO AND REPUBLICAN MATT SALMON ON THE ISSUE OF THE NON-PROSECUTION OF POLYGAMY IN OUR STATE. THAT AND MORE ON FRIDAY'S EDITION OF "HORIZON." THANKS FOR JOINING US ON A THURSDAY EVENING. I'M MICHAEL GRANT. HAVE A GREAT ONE. GOOD NIGHT.